As far as USCIS/CBP is concerned I believe passport expiry has no impact on I-485 or H1/H4 extension of status. I think it's only an issue at port of entry where the new I-94 will have shorter validity.
About the passport extension at Indian consulates, they ask for documents proving valid status in the US, so the receipt notice might be enough, check with consulate. Shouldn't impact passport extension expiry date.